This project examines national pediatric melatonin prevalence, perceived effects and safety, and sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical patterns of use through analysis of (1) archival nationally-representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and (2) conduct of a household survey of parents and list-assisted random digit dialing and panel-sampling. Findings have implications for monitoring of trends and disparities in pediatric melatonin use, informing development of clinical guidelines and parent education targets.